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TOEFL Reading 閱讀作答之要領

❃TOEFL Reading 閱讀作答之要領❃

Bird Migration

→ The phenomenon of seasonal bird migration has been known about for thousands of years, but it is still not fully understood by scientists. Not all birds migrate, but generally speaking the more northerly the breeding ground, the more likely is it that a species will migrate south for the winter. The main reason for this annual shifting of residence is that during the northern winter food becomes scarce and the cold temperatures make survival difficult. Some species are well adapted to these harsh conditions, but for those that aren’t, moving south to warmer conditions is advantageous.

→ Changes in the weather can trigger the start of the journey south, although birds in the Northern Hemisphere seem to know when it is time to migrate south before the winter. In some species at least, the changes in the length of the day cause glands in the birds’ bodies to secrete hormones that produce other changes, which ready the birds for the long flight south. At this time fat starts to accumulate under the skin, and this provides a store of energy for the long flight when they will be expending more calories flying than they can obtain during their brief rest stops.

1. In paragraph 1, it is understood that some birds don’t migrate south in the winter because they
(A) already live in warmer conditions.
(B) are suited to the difficult conditions.
(C) have difficulty surviving the frigid temperatures.
(D) live in areas that have an abundant food supply.
Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow (→)
2. According to paragraph 2, what are the results of changes in the weather?
(A) The change in the length of the day.
(B) The secretion of hormones by the birds.
(C) The expenditure of calories.
(D) The onset of migration.
Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow (→)

TOEFL Reading: 閱讀作答之要領 (1) 審視題幹 → (2) 搜尋核心關鍵字詞 (key words) → (3)原文定位 (positioning /locating) → (4) 判讀分析
1.答案 : B
解析：根據題意, 為何一些鳥類不須南遷過冬. 關鍵字詞即為don’t migrate south, 定位於第一段, Some species are well adapted to these harsh conditions, but for those that aren’t, moving south to warmer conditions is advantageous.
判讀選擇B.
2.答案 : D
解析：根據題意, 一旦氣候變化將產生何種結果。關鍵字詞即為changes / weather , 定位於第二段, Changes in the weather can trigger the start of the journey south.判讀選擇D.

Vocabulary
1. breed
(v.)繁殖 = reproduce ; proliferate ; multiply ; propagate
飼養 = raise ; rear ; foster ; nurture
2. residence
(n.)居住地 = dwelling ; habitation
3. scarce
(adj.)缺乏的 ; 不足的 = meager ; sparse ; scanty ; skimpy ; insufficient ; devoid; inadequate
4. harsh
(adj.)嚴厲的 ; 嚴酷的 = inclement ; austere ; stringent ; stern ; rigid ; rigorous
5. advantageous
(adj.)有利的 = beneficial ; profitable ; lucrative ; auspicious
6. trigger
(v.)引發 = spark off = give rise to
7. accumulate
(v.)累積 = amass ; assemble ; gather ; pile ; hoard

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