真經考題

戴爾美語TOEFL托福試題與解題示範教學 2025年11月11日

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戴爾美語TOEFL托福試題與解題示範教學 2025年11月11日

1. Should humans treat robots with the same politeness they show to other people?
Professor's Prompt:
Is it appropriate to show robots the same courtesy we afford to human beings?
This raises broader questions about societal behaviors and how such treatment may shape interpersonal conduct.
What is your stance on this, and why?

Student A:
I think we ought to treat robots with courtesy.
Doing so fosters a positive social environment and models respectful behavior.
For instance, if children witness adults being unkind to robots, they may adopt that behavior in their interactions with others.
Politeness toward machines could cultivate general human decency.

Student B:
I take a different view.
Politeness is important, but robots do not possess consciousness or emotions.
Treating them as if they were human may cause confusion about their true nature.
For example, excessive anthropomorphism may lead to false expectations regarding their abilities or societal functions.


主論段分析
What Andrew says holds more truth, and can be further validated.
For one thing, increasing attachment to robots, machines, or devices driven by generative AI could spell problems, bringing users to hallucinate and treat these mechanical entities as real human beings.
As such relationship deepens, the users are very likely to renounce real, physical and interactive social relationship with other people.
For another, being polite to robots means adding difficulty for them to understand the instructions.
Extra words like “Thank you,” “please” and other indirect prompts could confuse robots’ operation and result in failed missions.
Most importantly, no robots or machines have not achieved “singular point,” or the ability to think on their own.
Such friendliness is nothing but a waste.


第三段主論條列解析:
1. 以 “What Andrew says holds more truth” 開場,明確表達立場轉向支持面,建立主論基調。
2. 使用 “can be further validated” 預示將以多重理由支撐此主張,展現論證展開的方向性。
3. 第一理由指出:與機器人或AI的情感依附導致人際疏離,強調心理與社會層面的危害。
4. 第二理由說明:對機器人過度禮貌影響運作效率,屬於技術層面論據,展現多角度分析。
5. 第三理由提出:機器尚未具備「奇點」或自我思考能力,強化「友善無意義」的結論。
 
1. in a ... manner   /ˈmænɚ/   以……的方式;以某種態度或手段行事

Sentence:
In a deliberately cautious manner, contemporary ethicists approach the human–robot relationship, recognizing that excessive anthropomorphism may obscure the ontological boundaries between mechanical agency and emotional authenticity.


以一種刻意謹慎的方式,當代倫理學家探討人與機器人的關係,意識到過度擬人化可能模糊機械行動與情感真實性之間的本體界線。
2. sound   /saʊnd/   (形容詞)合理的;健全的;有根據的

Sentence:
The philosopher’s argument remains sound only when it acknowledges the epistemological limits of artificial intelligence, distinguishing computational processing from genuine cognitive understanding.


唯有在承認人工智慧的知識論界限、並區分計算處理與真正認知理解的前提下,該哲學家的論點才能保持合理而有根據。
3. validate   /ˈvælɪˌdeɪt/   使有效;證實;驗證其正確性或合理性

Sentence:
Empirical data collected from longitudinal human–machine interaction studies serve to validate the claim that emotional simulation in robots does not equate to authentic empathy.


從長期人機互動研究中收集的實證數據,用以證實機器人中的情感模擬並不等同於真實的共感能力。
4. attachment   /əˈtætʃmənt/   依戀;情感連結;附著或歸屬的心理傾向

Sentence:
The growing attachment to digital assistants illustrates a paradox of modern intimacy, wherein affective bonds are formed with entities fundamentally incapable of reciprocating emotion.


對數位助理日益增長的依戀顯示出現代親密關係的悖論:情感連結竟然建立於根本無法回應情感的存在之上。
5. hallucinate   /həˈlusəˌneɪt/   產生幻覺;錯誤地感知並相信不存在的事物

Sentence:
When individuals excessively anthropomorphize artificial agents, they may begin to hallucinate interpersonal reciprocity, mistaking programmed responses for authentic human empathy.


當人們過度擬人化人工代理時,可能開始產生人際互惠的幻覺,將預設程式反應誤認為真實的人類共感。
6. renounce   /rɪˈnaʊns/   放棄;拒絕;斷絕(信念、習慣、關係)

Sentence:
As emotional reliance on virtual companions intensifies, some users unconsciously renounce tangible social connections, substituting physical presence with algorithmic companionship.


隨著對虛擬夥伴的情感依賴加劇,一些使用者在無意間放棄了具體的人際連結,以演算法式的陪伴取代真實的存在。
7. prompt   /prɑmpt/   (名詞)提示;(動詞)促使;(形容詞)即時的

Sentence:
Subtle linguistic prompts embedded within human–AI dialogues often reveal the asymmetry of agency, demonstrating how humans project intentionality onto fundamentally reactive systems.


嵌入人機對話中的細微語言提示,往往揭示了主體能動性的非對稱性,顯示人類如何將意圖投射於根本僅具反應性的系統之上。