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戴爾美語IELTS雅思試題與解題示範教學 2026年03月11日

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戴爾美語IELTS雅思試題與解題示範教學 2026年03月11日

段落1：兒童時期的發明 介紹了菲利浦·阿利埃斯（Philippe Aries）於1960年出版的具影響力的著作，該書主張「兒童時期」是一個現代社會建構的概念。阿利埃斯指出，在中世紀，孩童被視為「縮小版的成年人」，與成人參與相同的勞動與社交空間，而非被視為具有獨特特質的獨立群體。

段落2：孩童的功能性角色 描述了歷史上孩童作為家庭收入「有用」貢獻者的角色。在中世紀及16世紀，孩童早在5至10歲時便開始分擔家務或擔任學徒，並離開家庭為更富裕的家庭工作。

段落3：工業化與童工 探討了18與19世紀的工業革命如何增加礦場與工廠對童工的需求。這促使社會改革者開始研究長期勞動與匱乏如何對孩童的生理發育產生負面影響。

段落4：法律改革與觀念轉變 解釋了英國1833年《工廠法》的影響，該法案開始保護孩童，並將重心從勞動轉移到遊戲與教育。兒童時期演變成一段更長的依賴與學習期，儘管部分形式的勞動仍持續至20世紀。
The history of childhood has been a heated topic in social history since the highly influential book Centuries of Childhood’, written by French historian Philippe Aries, emerged in 1960. He claimed that ‘childhood’ is a concept created by modern society.
Whether childhood is itself a recent invention has been one of the most intensely debated issues in the history of childhood. Historian Philippe Aries asserted that children were regarded as miniature adults, with all the intellect and personality that this implies, in Western Europe during the Middle Ages (up to about the end of the 15th century). After scrutinising medieval pictures and diaries, he concluded that there was no distinction between children and adults for they shared similar leisure activities and work; However, this does not mean children were neglected, forsaken or despised, he argued. The idea of childhood corresponds to awareness about the peculiar nature of childhood, which distinguishes the child from adult, even the young adult. Therefore, the concept of childhood is not to be confused with affection for children.
Traditionally, children played a functional role in contributing to the family income in the history. Under this circumstance, children were considered to be useful. Back in the Middle Ages, children of 5 or 6 years old did necessary chores for their parents. During the 16th century, children of 9 or 10 years old were often encouraged or even forced to leave their family to work as servants for wealthier families or apprentices for a trade.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, industrialisation created a new demand for child labour; thus many children were forced to work for a long time in mines, workshops and factories. The issue of whether long hours of labouring would interfere with children’s growing bodies began to perplex social reformers. Some of them started to realise the potential of systematic studies to monitor how far these early deprivations might be influencing children’s development.

The concerns of reformers gradually had some impact upon the working condition of children. For example, in Britain, the Factory Act of 1833 signified the emergence of legal protection of children from exploitation and was also associated with the rise of schools for factory children. Due partly to factory reform, the worst forms of child exploitation were eliminated gradually. The influence of trade unions and economic changes also contributed to the evolution by leaving some forms of child labour redundant during the 19th century. Initiating children into work as ‘useful’ children was no longer a priority, and childhood was deemed to be a time for play and education for all children instead of a privileged minority. Childhood was increasingly understood as a more extended phase of dependency, development and learning with the delay of the age for starting full-time work- Even so, work continued to play a significant, if less essential, role in children’s lives in the later 19th and 20th centuries. Finally, the ‘useful child’ has become a controversial concept during the first decade of the 21st century, especially in the context of global concern about large numbers of children engaged in child labour.

Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information give in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE
if the statement is true
FALSE
if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN
if the information is not given in the passage

1. Aries pointed out that children did different types of work to adults during the Middle Ages.
2. Working children during the Middle Ages were generally unloved.
3. Some scientists thought that overwork might damage the health of young children.
4. The rise of trade unions majorly contributed to the protection of children from exploitation in the 19th century.
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. NOT GIVEN
 
1. intense   /ɪnˈtɛns/   強烈的；劇烈的

Periods of intense intellectual debate often accelerate the development of new theories, as competing perspectives compel scholars to refine their arguments with greater conceptual precision.

激烈的學術辯論時期常會加速新理論的發展，因為相互競爭的觀點迫使學者以更精確的概念來修正與深化自己的論證。
2. assert   /əˈsɝːt/   斷言；主張

Several political theorists assert that modern democracies must continually renegotiate the balance between individual liberty and collective security.

許多政治理論家主張，現代民主制度必須持續重新協商個人自由與集體安全之間的平衡。
3. regard   /rɪˈɡɑːrd/   視為；看待

Some historians regard the industrial revolution not merely as a technological transformation but as a profound reorganization of social relations and human labor.

一些歷史學家將工業革命視為不僅是技術轉變，更是對社會關係與人類勞動形式的深刻重組。
4. miniature   /ˈmɪnɪətʃər/   微型的；縮小版的

The laboratory created a miniature ecological system in which scientists could observe how small environmental changes affect the stability of an entire habitat.

實驗室建立了一個微型生態系統，使科學家能觀察細微的環境變化如何影響整個棲地的穩定。
5. distinguish   /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/   區分；辨別

A careful scholar must distinguish between correlation and causation in order to avoid drawing misleading conclusions from statistical evidence.

謹慎的學者必須區分相關性與因果關係，以避免從統計證據中得出誤導性的結論。
6. signify   /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/   象徵；表示

The sudden silence that follows a heated argument may signify not reconciliation but the temporary exhaustion of conflict.

激烈爭論之後突然出現的沉默，可能象徵的並非和解，而只是衝突暫時的耗竭。
7. privilege   /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/   特權；優勢地位

Critical sociologists often examine how institutions privilege certain groups while marginalizing others through seemingly neutral policies.

批判社會學家常研究制度如何透過看似中立的政策，使某些群體享有優勢地位，同時邊緣化其他群體。
8. context   /ˈkɑːnˌtɛkst/   脈絡；情境

A literary text cannot be fully understood without examining the historical and cultural context in which it was produced.

若不檢視作品產生的歷史與文化脈絡，文學文本便難以被完整理解。
9. engage   /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/   投入；參與

Universities increasingly encourage students to engage with real-world social issues so that theoretical knowledge can be tested through practical experience.

大學越來越鼓勵學生參與真實世界的社會議題，使理論知識能透過實際經驗加以驗證。
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